It turns out that between the first of this year and April 8 (when I got the data from Ookla) roughly one in 10,000 devices in the U.S. are surfing at gigabit speeds and roughly 1 in 5,000 homes worldwide can match them. Ookla runs the popular Speedtest.Net service and got this data from users who tested their connections during that time period.

Unfortunately, the data on this is relatively inexact, because the art of measuring a gigabit is complicated. As late as last summer when Google launched the first plans for a fiber to the home buildout in Kansas City, the search giant had to work with Ookla to upgrade the test to even be able to read a gigabit. Even so, some customers with a gigabit might not show up because their Wi-Fi routers or computers can’t achieve those speeds and, thus, throttle them back to a mere 100 Mbps or so.

And the numbers provided by Ookla actually measure customers with speeds of above 800 Mbps, which is what it classifies as a gigabit. In the U.S. only 4,110 people have test results at that speed out of 45,468,731 people who used the Ookla tests. Globally, 34,721 users have speeds that high out of 224,404,945 tests. But, clearly not every broadband user is running Speedtest.net or has the right equipment.

Ookla also provides data on the number of people whose connection speeds are 300 Mbps or greater. In the U.S. this was about 51,100 devices or about 11 in every ten thousand users. Globally it was 204,315 devices or 9 in every 10,000 users.

For additional data points, we can turn to the Fiber to the Home Council, which said a few weeks ago that 640,000 subscribers are buying connections of 100 Mbps or more across North America. That’s a significant number, although the FTTH Council is measuring capacity that is 10 times less than what a gigabit connection can offer. For reference, the FCC in February noted that the average U.S. subscribed broadband speed is now 15.6 Mbps, representing an average annualized speed increase of about 20 percent. And below is a chart from FCC data at the end of 2011 showing the distribution of broadband speeds at the time.

This chart measures both wireless and wireline speeds as of Dec. 2011.

But it looks like the FTTH Council — as well as Google’s experience in getting 90 percent of the neighborhoods in Kansas City signed up for fiber — can tell us something definitive about gigabit connections: People want them. When fiber-to-the home is offered 44.8 percent of the homes passed take the service. Given that those are generally the most expensive connections, that’s a pretty high take rate.

So it looks like even a few thousand Kansas City, Austin, Texas or Provo, Utah homes connected via Google Fiber will not only significantly change the percentage of gigabit customers in the U.S. but also around the globe. Still, we have to start somewhere.

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Mike Apgar, co-founder and managing partner of three-year-old Ookla, said the indexes will measure broadband speeds, ping times and jitter. His goal is to move the testing beyond the tech-savvy market (we use it!), so as to get a better sense of how broadband speeds really play out across the world. The FCC is encouraging consumers to use the sites (Ookla also runs a site that tests jitter and packet loss at pingtest.net) as part of its nationwide testing goals, and many of Ookla’s ISP customers also offer the test to their customers and host Ookla’s servers.

Providing tests for ISPs is actually most of Ookla’s business. The next plank of the business strategy is the index data: Ookla hopes to provide the information for free to academic researchers, but it also plans to charge ISPs, analysts and governments for it. Ookla has no debt or venture capital, and is profitable.

The company also today released a list of the top worldwide and U.S. cities based on their broadband speeds. It measured only cities with more than 75,000 people connecting for more than three months using a 30-day rolling average. The results are subject to change, and given that no place in the U.S. ranks in the global Top 10 (the first U.S. city is San Jose, which is ranked 18), I hope the results do shift.

Here are the top 10 U.S. cities and their corresponding 30-day average speeds:

1. San Jose, Calif. 15.02 Mbps
2. Saint Paul, Minn. 14.53 Mbps
3. Pittsburgh, Pa. 14.18 Mbps
4. Oklahoma City, Okla. 12.12 Mbps
5. Brooklyn, N.Y. 12.10 Mbps
6. Tampa, Fla. 12.05 Mbps
7. Bronx, N.Y. 12.01 Mbps
8. New York, N.Y. 11.85 Mbps
9. Denver, Colo. 11.68 Mbps
10. Sacramento, Calif. 11.34 Mbps

The global top 10:

1. Seoul, South Korea 34.49 Mbps
2. Riga, Latvia 27.88 Mbps
3. Hamburg, Germany 26.85 Mbps
4. Chisinau, Republic of Moldova 24.31 Mbps
5. Helsinki, Finland 20.58 Mbps Mbps
6. Stockholm, Sweden 19.97 Mbps
7. Bucharest, Romania 19.68 Mbps
8. Sofia, Bulgaria 18.99 Mbps
9. Kharkov, Ukraine 18.15 Mbps
10. Kaunas, Lithuania 17.46 Mbps

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