From The Information Age To The Connected Age

Anne Zelenka, Saturday, October 6, 2007 at 3:00 PM PT Comments (56)

Jason Calacanis launched yet another discussion of the future of the web with his official definition of web 3.0, in which web 2.0 cake is spread with a liberal frosting of people, but not just any people — “gifted” people. Aside from its introduction of magnet-school speak into tech talk, this definition is curious in that it mentions layering. But the web is a network, or as some gifted people already knew, a “graph.” The web is less a cake needing frosting than a stew mixing everything together, allowing for the possibility of any one ingredient touching another.

Today’s version of the web, whatever you want to call it, is notable because people and hardware and information and software and conversation are all mixed together into a hyperconnected network. Maybe instead of getting tangled up in discussions of what’s web 1.0 vs. web 2.0 vs. web 3.0, we might look instead at another shift: how the web enables us to move from one era into another, from the Information Age to the Connected Age. You can see this shift both in the practices of individual workers and in the strategies of technology companies.

Knowledge Worker (Information Age) vs. Web Worker (Connected Age)

The Information Age is the age of the knowledge worker. The Connected Age is the age of the web worker. Knowledge workers create and manage information, massaging it into intangible knowledge goods. Web workers create and manage relationships across knowledge goods, hardware, and people. The table below, taken from Web Worker Daily’s upcoming book “Connect! Web Worker Daily’s Guide to a New Way of Working” contrasts knowledge work and web work. Of course, in practice individual workers may take a hybrid approach, combining aspects of both.

work-table.jpg

It’s not just individual workers, though, that take a primarily Information Age approach or Connected Age approach. Companies do too. Microsoft represents the Information Age, while Google hints at the shift towards the Connected Age.

Microsoft (Information Age) vs. Google (Connected Age)

Microsoft (MSFT) exemplifies the Information Age. It uses step-by-step, top-down controlled project management methods to build monolithic intangible goods — desktop and client/server software — largely from scratch. It uses money as currency, monetizing knowledge products using licensing fees and strict control of software copying. Microsoft must rely on protecting access to its knowledge goods — because this is where it has created value.

Google (GOOG), on the other hand, hints at the Connected Age without entirely fulfilling its promise. Google uses openly available knowledge, human, software, and hardware resources (with a good dose of its own such resources) and harvests value from those resources by finding and creating relationships. Google monetizes the human behavior on the web — human action captured in web pages as links, content and meta data. It trades in the currency of attention. Across the company, Google uses a more evolutionary development style, seeking innovation by spreading bets over many possibilities, most of which have little chance of success. Google depends on a more emergent style of innovation.

Google, however, is a gigantic corporation. Could the Connected Age make corporations obsolete, at least for purposes of web work? We need corporations for the agricultural, industrial, and knowledge tasks of our society. But an entirely new engine of productivity might be built without formal organizations. Economist Ronald Coase has proposed that the reason firms exist is to decrease transaction costs. But the web makes transaction costs across individuals and ad hoc groups of people so small as to be unimportant to many web-era businesses. That is why we see an acceleration in the number of independent contractors and loose partnerships across small organizations.

Seeing Shifts

The Connected Age concept isn’t necessarily more real or true than the term web 2.0 or web 3.0 is, but just like those, it’s useful for seeing and understanding shifts brought about by the web and shifts that the web is itself undergoing. I count myself lucky to live in a time where there’s enough progress and action to even discuss naming the shifts we see taking place.

56 comments so far

October 6th, 2007
3:30 PM PT
Avinash said:

Great article, After Web2.0, we need People2.0, http://people20.blogspot.com, agrawalavinash1_at_yahoo.com : email suggestions etc and let us move forward together, Avinash

October 6th, 2007
5:36 PM PT

I like this comparison a lot. One of the things though that makes Google’s core value proposition so powerful is that they have monetized ‘meta data’, that is data about the data. Their most successful ventures I expect will follow this model.

October 6th, 2007
5:41 PM PT
Eddie said:

Anne you wrote:

That is why we see acceleration in the number of independent
contractors.

Absolutely. Plain as day. Yet Marc Andreessen giving career advice on his blog a few days ago says that centralized geographic hubs (like Silicon Valley for IT tech and New York for financial markets) still matter regardless of the Internet. Here’s the excerpt pasted below. I think someone needs to challenge Marc and his obviously biased opinion (my question is: when do the exceptions start to become the rule? Skype was created by some guys in Estonia and eBay ended up importing Skype to Silicon Valley by overpaying for it because eBay could not find a Skype equivalent produced in the U.S. / Silicon Valley area … Ruby on Rails was started by a guy in Copenhagen) … so who’s zooming who?

http://blog.pmarca.com/2007/10/the-pmarca-gu-1.html

In my opinion, living anywhere other than the center of your industry is
a mistake. A lot of people — those who don’t live in that place –
don’t want to hear it. But it’s true. Geographic locality is still — even in
the age of the Internet — critically important if you want to maximize
your access to the best companies, the best people, and the best
opportunities. You can always cite exceptions, but that’s what they are:
exceptions.

No one cares who the top filmmaker in Chicago is — hell, people often
don’t even care who the top filmmaker in New York is, and quite a lot
of films get made out of New York. On the other hand, the top 50
filmmakers in Los Angeles are all very important people in their
industry.

October 6th, 2007
8:29 PM PT
stevedebrun said:

An interesting corollary theme: the barriers to entry to being a Connected Age company are rapidly approaching zero. We are living amidst a Cambrian bloom of companies that are playing around with these ideas. The vast majority of non-digiterati folks with never even know that these companies existed; temporary comings together of 2, or 5, or 25 people. But we all benefit from the proliferation of ideas, especially when their birth doesn’t involve the public markets, as it did in the late nineties. The risk is now only on the shoulders of VCs, angel investors and (more than anything) the budding entrepreneurs who are giving it a go.

It will be interesting to see how all of these ideas and companies reinvent how products are made and money is earned, and even as you imply, how businesses are even defined.

October 6th, 2007
8:45 PM PT

[...] Zelenka over at GigaOM just posted an interesting rumination on a shift that she says is happening. She posits that we are undergoing a transformation from an [...]

October 7th, 2007
12:49 AM PT

[...] blogs: thoughtful commentaries, minimum hype, no bulls**t. Here is a link to a recent article on the transition from the knowledge work to the web work. Accurate? Do you feel that the criteria for framing the discussion are the right one? [...]

October 7th, 2007
3:11 AM PT

[...] paalu wrote an interesting post today onHere’s a quick excerpt"I count myself lucky to live in a time where there’s enough progress and action to even discuss naming the shifts we see taking place." Yep. [...]

October 7th, 2007
4:06 AM PT
Len Edgerly said:

This is brilliant and makes me eager to buy the book, Anne! I particularly appreciate the comparison of Styles of Work in the table, because I realize that “burstiness of discontinuous productivity” is how I naturally work these days. I sometimes feel as if I “ought” to buckle down to the old step-by-step style, but that one cell in Table 1-1 explains why it’s a worry from another age. I LOVE Table 1-1!

October 7th, 2007
4:48 AM PT
Simone said:

“the web makes transaction costs across individuals and ad hoc groups of people so small as to be unimportant to many web-era businesses”.
While the web definitely does that especially for very niche markets, it’s far for removing the biggest barrier on individual-to-individual transactions, namely trust.
As a proof just take eBay. The only reason eBay is there is to build trust for people to close a transaction with other people. In your model eBay wouldn’t make any sense.
BTW same thing applies to Google Adsense.

October 7th, 2007
6:15 AM PT
David Dundas said:

Interesting but I was a bit amused by the fact that money is “old school” and no longer matters. A very web 2.0 thought. I hope that changes for web 3.

October 7th, 2007
6:53 AM PT
eortiz said:

Interesting. I believe though the transformation is about “ubiquitous information”… and the connected age is how this will be delivered.

ceo

October 7th, 2007
7:38 AM PT

[...] Are face to face meetings better? They do have value in creating trust and rapport and they’re what many people are used to. As our tools and our practices and our attitudes change, however, you’ll see more people choosing online alternatives for their convenience, reach, and feasibility. The more people choose the online alternatives, the less it will make sense to count on geographic coincidence rather than hyperconnectedness. [...]

October 7th, 2007
8:57 AM PT

[...] October 7, 2007 From The Information Age To The Connected Age « GigaOM [...]

October 7th, 2007
9:00 AM PT
Anne Zelenka said:

@David: good point, money still matters… probably should be more like this:

knowledge work currency — time and money
web work currency — time, money, AND attention

@Simone: Trust is important for both knowledge work styles and web work styles. eBay uses a centralized marketplace but there’s no reason that in the future a more decentralized auction market couldn’t develop, because there could be decentralized trust mechanisms. Not sure what you mean about AdSense, but sounds interesting… could you elaborate?

October 7th, 2007
9:37 AM PT

I have been studying Google for a couple of months now. So, I find this article informative and helpful. After the Connected age, I wonder what it would be next. Space age or what?

October 7th, 2007
9:44 AM PT

[...] read more | digg story Sphere: Related Content [...]

October 7th, 2007
10:37 AM PT

A very good analysis, the web actually connects people in a beautiful way. This enablement of minds to meeet is a great thing, only if the bloggers do not cheply write for no purpose, it will become a plateform of exchange of worthwhile thoughts and would develop the human society much faster than it was able to do so far.

October 7th, 2007
10:54 AM PT

[...] piece I wrote for GigaOM a while ago on the Connected Age was published this weekend, with a table taken straight out of my book manuscript for Connect!: Web [...]

October 7th, 2007
11:36 AM PT
letters said:

What is burstiness? Is that like truthiness? Sort of like bursts, but not really bursts in that it’s your version of bursts?

October 7th, 2007
12:24 PM PT

[...] basbende wrote an interesting post today onHere’s a quick excerpt [...]

October 7th, 2007
12:40 PM PT
/Message said:

Anee Zelenka on The Connected Age

I am a big fan of Anne Zelenka, and I like much of what she is pushing at with her recent post, From The Information Age To The Connected Age at GigaOM. But some of the dots dn’t connect for

October 7th, 2007
1:21 PM PT
Chuck Olsen said:

“Burstiness of discontinuous productivity”

FINALLY a terrificly accurate description of my workflow as an independent videomaker!

Great post.

October 7th, 2007
1:36 PM PT
sketching said:

Great post. Very informative.

October 7th, 2007
2:33 PM PT
Van said:

I agree with writer of these statements
A very good analysis, the web actually connects people in a beautiful way. This enablement of minds to meeet is a great thing, only if the bloggers do not cheply write for no purpose, it will become a plateform of exchange of worthwhile thoughts and would develop the human society much faster than it was able to do so far.
abuntantly yours
vantheman

October 7th, 2007
4:24 PM PT
Niall Larkin said:

Been talking a lot about this over the past year.

We have an deep indestructible instinct to connect to information. This has been best served by Google (ie least friction)

But we have an even deeper desire to connect to people. Currently available tools ( such as Facebook ) still require us to put up with a lot of friction. The future belongs to the service that truly lubricates social connection in a way that delivers easy social gratification. Or as I like to put it: the future lies with the tools that can deliver the most important advance in social lubrication since the discovery of alcohol.

October 7th, 2007
8:08 PM PT

[...] out the blog entry - From The Information Age To The Connected Age by Zelenka over at [...]

October 7th, 2007
8:31 PM PT
Hiren Bhatt said:

My blog entry around “Experiments and experience (and frustration!) with Information Analysis for Automobile Purchase in Web 2.0 world - relates quite well to the post by Anne Zelenka. Check out my further thoughts at http://www.innowix.com/blog/

October 7th, 2007
9:22 PM PT

[...] From The Information Age To The Connected Age « GigaOM Jason Calacanis launched yet another discussion of the future of the web with his official definition of web 3.0, in which web 2.0 cake is spread with a liberal frosting of people, but not just any people — “gifted” people. Aside from its introducti (tags: web2.0 internet culture) [...]

October 8th, 2007
7:15 AM PT

[...] a Voice 2.0 Ad Network This is something we’d like to take a closer look at… GigaOM: From Information Age to Connected Age A nice leap, we’ll see if it [...]

October 8th, 2007
7:43 AM PT

[...] but there is an interesting reflection on this matter over the GigaOM blog. On the article “From the Information Age to the Connected Age” they argue that changed on the Web will enable us to make that [...]

October 8th, 2007
7:59 AM PT

[...] Check it out! While looking through the blogosphere we stumbled on an interesting post today.Here’s a quick excerptDiscusion of the new world of work - it’s about individuals and their relationships, rather than simply knowledge (which in the info age was still typically in service of the corporation.) [...]

October 8th, 2007
8:18 AM PT

[...] From The Information Age To The Connected Age « GigaOM (tags: kno knowledge web2.0) [...]

October 8th, 2007
9:26 AM PT
elearnspace said:

From the information age to the connected age

From the information age to the connected age: “The Information Age is the age of the knowledge worker. The Connected Age is the age of the web worker. Knowledge workers create and manage information, massaging it into intangible knowledge goods….

October 8th, 2007
4:31 PM PT
Andy Lingras said:

“From The Information Age To The Connected Age”, Written by Anne Zelenka, appears to propose a model to differntiate the Micorsofts from the Googles.

What it fails to point out is that we cyberspacians are attempting to develop the paths that non-cyberspacians have known and utilized for decades. Information Work (IW)and Web Work (WW) have existed in the non-cyberspace form since Model T, perhaps even earlier.

We cannot look upon IW and WW as the end, but means to an end! The end that we seek is through the next step - ACTION WORK (AW), and this cannot be done in cyberspace alone. Cyberspace needs to meet Non-Cyberspace to act in Realspace and accomplish AW. What IW and WW have done is speeded up our journey to AW.

In addition to the Microsofts and the Googles, there do exist the Apples! The Apples take IW and WW one step forward into AW and put out the hardware products that generate the revenues to support IW and WW (directly and indirectly).

Identifying “Shifts” is a hobby, identifying “Shifts” in perspective is a responsibility!

IW and WW are not “Ages” - IW is the seed, WW is the plant food and AW is the plant that bears fruit and supports the effort to generate more seeds. The “Shift” is just the growth of that plant. Let’s work towards identifying domestic talents and avenes to accomplish AW. Let’s not get lost in understnading the Process and risk forgetting the Product

ACTTION WORK is the real Pot of Gold at the end of the Rainbow!!

October 8th, 2007
7:21 PM PT

[...] From The Information Age To The Connected Age « GigaOM (tags: attention knowledge internet web) Published by ichen October 9th, 2007 in General [...]

October 8th, 2007
10:56 PM PT

[...] From the Information Age to the Connected Age, Anne Zelenka at GigaOM cites the following [...]

October 9th, 2007
5:45 PM PT

[...] From The Information Age To The Connected Age « GigaOM - Jason Calacanis launched yet another discussion of the future of the web with his official definition of web 3.0, in which web 2.0 cake is spread with a liberal frosting of people, but not just any people â âgiftedâ people. Aside from its introducti Google Search [...]

October 9th, 2007
11:59 PM PT

[...] mejoras va infinitamente mas lenta. Hoy leo un articulo de hace apenas unos días sobre la Web 3.0: From the Information Age to the Connected Age, escrito por Anne Zelenka, y no puedo más que discrepar rotundamente sobre su [...]

October 11th, 2007
4:01 PM PT

[...] mejoras va infinitamente mas lenta. Hoy leo un articulo de hace apenas unos días sobre la Web 3.0: From the Information Age to the Connected Age, escrito por Anne Zelenka, y no puedo más que discrepar rotundamente sobre su [...]

October 12th, 2007
1:26 PM PT

This is a very good write-up.You still need a lot of work to do.The transformation of Information age-Connected age need to be understood and you are taking the right step by opening the bottle of the future.Encourage people to contribute . I can see individual bloggers turning to branded package and kickstarting of the gifted train.

October 13th, 2007
6:43 AM PT

[...] Extrado de From The Information Age To The Connected Age. [...]

October 13th, 2007
11:17 AM PT

[...] Maciej Budzich w swej relacji z Auli wspomina pochlebnie projekt WolneLektury.pl, jako opozycję do popularnych obecnie e-booków. Jest to głos w obronie jakości i moderowania – jednak przeciw Web 2.0, przeciw wolności wypowiedzi, komponowania i składania, o których pisze, przywoływana w tekście Kuby Anna Zelenka. [...]

October 13th, 2007
2:50 PM PT
Webstuff 2 said:

[...] 13th, 2007 by webstuff2 From the information age to the connected age: “The Information Age is the age of the knowledge worker. The Connected Age is the age of the [...]

October 17th, 2007
3:21 PM PT

[...] launch — recently, we seem to be heading in that direction, moving one step further into the connected age. Nicholas Carr is also thinking along those lines, and sums it up best: At this very moment, in a [...]

October 18th, 2007
3:33 PM PT
October 25th, 2007
10:02 AM PT

[...] From the information age to the connected age  [...]

November 13th, 2007
5:58 AM PT

[...] age (a.k.a. protect your content with your life). And sadly for them nowadays we are well into the connection age. We should all be happy with [...]

November 21st, 2007
5:32 AM PT

Interesting article

Remeber me the article “It’s not what you know it’s who you know” from Bonnie A. Nardi, Steve Whittaker, Heinrich Schwarz

http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/741/650

I’m also working on the attention aspect

see also an article on my blog
“Management of our growing social network”
http://nico.maisonneuve.free.fr/blog/index.php/2007/11/16/management-of-our-growing-social-network-part-i/

December 9th, 2007
11:56 AM PT

[...] here and see my arguments here and here). Now, Anne seriously ups the ante over at GigaOM, making a strong case for what’s truly different about web work. While I’m still not ready to concede the point that Drucker didn’t presage this [...]

December 13th, 2007
9:44 AM PT

[...] [10] Anne Zelenka,From The Information Age To The Connected Age” [...]

December 31st, 2007
3:54 PM PT

[...] From the Information Age to the Connected Age, [...]

January 12th, 2008
4:38 PM PT

[...] Do you want to learn more about workstreaming and other new ways that web workers succeed when ubiquitous connectivity is a given but face-to-face contact is not? Then check out Web Worker Daily’s book Connect! A Guide to a New Way of Working, where I discuss workstreaming and other secrets of success in the connected age. [...]

March 10th, 2008
7:04 PM PT

[...] From The Information Age To The Connected Age - GigaOM. [...]

March 17th, 2008
2:49 PM PT

[...] Posted on March 17, 2008 by Stephan The video Information R/Evolution and the post From The Information Age To The Connected Age are describing two trends of the social [...]

March 31st, 2008
4:12 AM PT

[...] בשם Connect! Web Worker Daily’s Guide to a New Way of Working מבית GigaOm מסמן את התהליך שעובר היום על שוק העבודה ומגדיר אותו [...]

May 14th, 2008
4:05 AM PT

[...] From The Information Age To The Connected Age - GigaOM - An insightful post from Anne Zelenka on "how the web enables us to move from one era into another, from the Information Age to the Connected Age." [...]

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